Headaches can occur for a number of reasons. They may be a symptom of another physical condition in which case they are referred to as secondary headaches. In this case it is important to diagnose the underlying condition and treat the exact cause. Secondary headaches may be triggered, for example, by dental problems, sinus problems or high blood pressure, heart disease or metabolic disorders. However they may also be an indication of a severe condition such as concussion or meningitis.

On the other hand, headaches may also not be linked to a specific illness or cause, in which case they are referred to as primary headaches. The two most widespread forms of primary headache are tension headaches and migraine.¹ According to the latest study data from 2020, tension headaches occur in 10.3% of women and 6.5% of men in Germany.¹ The causes include tension in the neck and back muscles which may be caused by poor posture, e.g. at the workplace (screen) or during driving. This type of headache is often described by those experiencing it as a dull, pressing pain on both sides of the head that persists for several hours or days. Tension headaches are generally divided into episodic (occasional) or chronic (long-term) forms. They are classed as chronic if they occur more than 15 times a month. People with chronic tension headaches are advised to take preventive action such as regular mild endurance training or yoga as well as targeted training of the shoulder and neck muscles. Stress management training and other relaxation techniques can also have a positive effect.

Both primary and secondary headaches can be treated with drugs. A doctor should be consulted as a matter of urgency if the pain occurs regularly, becomes more intense and/or analgesics stop being effective.