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Medical practitioners divide headaches into primary and secondary headaches. Whilst secondary headaches are due to other physical causes, this is not the case for primary headaches. Migraine is classed as a primary headache.
According to the latest study data from 2020 14.8% of women and 6.0% of men in Germany meet the criteria for migraine1. It is not yet known precisely what causes migraine, and lifestyle and hormonal changes may play a role in addition to genetic predisposition. The symptoms vary considerably and include throbbing headaches, frequently on one side of the body, nausea and vomiting as well as hypersensitivity to light and sound over a period of at least 4 to 72 hours. A one-sided migraine headache may switch from one side to another during an attack and may even become more severe during physical activity, unlike tension headaches. Because of the various concomitant symptoms of the migraine, it prevents most people from going about their normal daily activities.
Some of those affected also have a migraine with aura. This aura comprises neurological deficits such as visual disturbances, flickering, flashes of light and visual field loss and may even include sensory disturbances, speech disorders or aphasia.
The goal of pharmaceutical treatment for migraine is to alleviate the headache and concomitant symptoms such as nausea and vomiting etc. A range of medication is available. In addition to medication, migraine patients should ideally be protected from stimuli during an attack and remain in a quiet, darkened room.
Sources:
1 Gesundheitsberichterstattung/GBEDownloadsJ/JoHM_S6_2020_Migraene_Spannungskopfschmerz.pdf (Last accessed: 22.01.2024)